Mastermind.fm is my first foray into podcasting, and it’s been a great ride for a number of years now.

I think podcasting is as popular as blogging now if not more so.

Podcasts have become one of my favorite ways to consume new information and keep updated on my chosen subjects. While I still love reading and will always treasure books, podcasts make it possible for me to make even better use of my time.

Before the advent of podcasts, my time at the gym and walking/traveling around was mostly dead time. Now, I just have to pop in a pair of headphones and continue consuming the best podcasts (and even audiobook versions of my favorite books).

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Remote companies like RebelCode tend to hire people from all over the world.

This sounds like a great idea to reduce the costs of having an office, as well as have a more diverse workforce and also reduce labor costs.

How is it done in practice?

Hiring Foreign Workers – Legal Implications

There are two ways: Contractor agreement or Employee agreement.

Most companies require that the people they hire set themselves up as self-employed contractors and they then bill the company once a month.

As you might expect, some countries are not very enthusiastic about such setups, as technically speaking, the company should setup a branch in every country they will be hiring in. This is very cumbersome in practice, and that’s why the self-employed route is the most straightforward way to do it.

Germany, for example, has very strict labor rules, and it’s pretty difficult to hire someone on this basis there. It is very likely that the German people you’d be interested in hiring will themselves not want to get set up in this manner. On the other hand, Eastern European countries, to cite another example, have pretty lax rules and enforcement, so it is straightforward to hire from there.

The 4 litmus tests that governments use to determine if people are contractors or actually employees are the following:

1. Control – most frequently used, this test assesses the ability, authority, or right of the payer to control the actions of the worker, including the amount, nature, location, and management of the work to be done including the right of the worker to delegate work.
2. Economic Reality – this test explores the economic practices of the worker, including whether s/he bears the ultimate responsibility for any profit or loss of the contract. An individual who faces financial risk, bears all responsibility for profit or loss, and accounts for all costs incurred in the pursuit of profit, is likely to be determined a contractor. The absence of these factors likely reflects an employment relationship.
3. Fourfold – this test incorporates elements of the Control and Economic Reality tests above. The presence of the following factors indicates an employee/employer relationship: (a) control; (b) ownership of the tools; (c) chance of profit; and (d) risk of loss. Control in itself is not always indicative.
4. Organization/Integration – this test considers an individual’s role within an organization and presupposes that integral services more accurately reflect an employee relationship. However, if the services are ancillary or separate altogether, then the individual may be better viewed as a contractor. Note however that the ever-increasing complexity and inter-dependency between businesses renders this test increasingly archaic.

In practice, most contractor-company relationships in the remote work realm would fall foul for these 4 litmus tests, hence the setup lies in a grey area.

There are ways of improving the setup to make it less of a grey area, especially if you are employing multiple people from another foreign country. Two good ways are using an EOR or POE.

How to Find The Right Fit

Here are some notes I took at a conference talk by Mads Singers on recruitment.

Needs

Focus on the needs of each person you’re interviewing. What is the role, skill set and type of personality you’re looking for? If you hire people for a role they like doing, it’ll be a success.

Essentials

Be very clear on the essential qualities and tasks that you can’t live without. Don’t make the mistake of falling in love with a prospect and consequentially waiving away the essential qualities that you were looking for as not that important after all.

Description

Take a look at the Empire Flippers job descriptions as they are some of the best around. When recruiting your job is to sell your company. Be realistic but talk about your company, who are you, and what’s your culture like. Make it very clear that it’s a tough job. You don’t want to be selling a “relaxed, work-from-home job”. Better to make it sound tougher than it really is than the other way round.

Where to look

The best people are already employed. Networking is absolutely key. The bigger your network is the more likely it is that you already know the person you want to employ. Knowing someone means you already have a good idea what you’re getting.

When contacting people on Linkedin they tend to hire one of those people’s contacts rather than the person they originally contacted. If you’re approaching someone from a competitor, you don’t need to be afraid of being seen as a poacher. You can ask: “hey we have a cool job opening, would you happen to know anyone in this field who would be a good fit for this?”

What to look for

Focus on personality and culture before skillset. You can always train the skills but the mentality is much more difficult to train and is the sum of the person’s genetics and life experiences which is very very had to change. A good rule of thumb is 10% skills, 90% personality. Unless you’re looking for highly specific roles like a programmer; there you want skills.

Focus on full-time as it costs less to train and they are much more likely to be looking for other jobs and eventually leave.

How to ask

Use job posting sites and sites like LinkedIn. If you want to hire from competitors you could ask those people whether they know anyone who would be interested in the job.

Sorting candidates

Make sure you have a good pile of candidates so you can have a full choice for filtering and choosing. Check for trust and honesty. Job hopping is a no-no. People who have lived in several countries are favored.

Interviews

Ask everyone the same questions. Ask stuff that helps understand who they are. Ask about their weaknesses. Try to understand if they’re telling you the truth or bullshitting. What you’re looking for is whether this person can be honest or not. Another good question is: “Do you prefer working by yourself or in a team? Many candidates stumble on that one.

Hire the right one

People hire the best person if they’re not good enough. This is one of the biggest mistakes in recruitment. Don’t hesitate to avoid hiring any of the candidates if none of them make you excited to work with them.

Let people know that they were not suitable for this job but leave the door open for them to apply for future jobs, if that’s what you want.
“We don’t think you are a good fit for this company” means don’t apply again.

“We don’t think you are a good fit for this role” means we might have another job that is indeed suitable.

Bonus Tips

These extra notes are based on my experience and chats with other entrepreneurs about recruitment.

• Add a recruitment page on your website.
• Call previous companies that applicants claim they worked for, especially those ones they didn’t list any references for. The ones referenced are usually going to provide a glowing review, so they are not very helpful.
• Post in targeted FB groups, for example, if you need a web developer go to web developer FB groups and post there. Communities are very powerful for this stuff.
• Tell your own team – maybe they know other people like them, you can even incentivize them with a bonus.
• Connect with people on Linkedin.

Eastern European countries are good for programming tasks. Croatia, Serbia, Ukraine, Montenegro great for design and development. It’s also very important to hire from the same culture if possible. This facilitates communication and expectations.

With incentives, I prefer not to have specific targets to unlock specific bonuses. It’s best to set business targets and KPIs, but then the decision for bonuses (which can be given in July and December) rests with the management team. You can also reward people who go above and beyond what was asked for them. Bonuses can be 0.5 to 1.5x the monthly salary.

Another interesting idea is to tie part of the salary every month to the company’s performance. For example, if employees are earning €1,500, part of that, say €300, would be tied to whether the company hits its monthly targets.

If you operate a software business (such as WordPress plugins) or a SAAS, it is important to benchmark your operating profit with that of other similar businesses.

Before we start, it’s important to clear up some definitions:

Gross Margin – Revenue minus Cost of Goods Sold (or Cost of Sales)
Operating Margin – Gross Margin minus Sales, Marketing, General and Admin expenses
Net Margin – Operating Margin minus Interest & Taxes

I’m looking at operating margin % here.

You can take a look at some open metrics over at Baremetrics for a start.

I also asked several of my friends in business and there isn’t one clear answer. The most common percentage I could identify is around 80%, but it’s not always clear what margin they are referring to.

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I spent a good part of my twenties traveling around the world during what was the start of the digital nomad movement.

A recurring theme that I used to hear about was the possibility of optimizing taxes by being a digital nomad.

Just walk in any co-working space in South-East Asia, and a 20 y.o. white guy from the EU or Canada will swear that flying circles in Thailand, Bali, and Vietnam for all year means that nobody has the right to tax his income.

At the time I had decided to keep things simple by just paying tax in my home country where I had always paid as a self-employed person.

When I started to hear all the strategies others were using, however, I started to feel a bit stupid for not having optimized things. So I embarked on a journey to learn as much as possible about all the options available for legal tax optimization.

It turns out that the strategy I had opted was actually one of the safest ways to act as a digital nomad. The “clever” tactics many others were using were grey area legal schemes at best but mostly just plain old tax evasion that would most likely lead them into trouble later.

To this day, as the digital nomad revolution has grown, I still hear many of these strategies bandied around, so I thought I’d have a go at outlining how I think a digital nomad should pay his/her taxes.

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Many investing and financial independence blogs try to teach you how to attain a level of wealth that will put you and your family in a comfortable position and potentially not having to work for the rest of your life.

I think things are quite simple really. 

If you want to get rich, you need to take substantial risks and work extremely hard with a laser-sharp focus on something for several years.

This is how the founders of startups become rich.

This is also how the best investors make outsized returns on their investments.

And who is wealthier than entrepreneurs and investors these days? Sure there are many other illegal ways of getting wealthy, but if you stick to the legal ways, aside from inheriting wealth, entrepreneurship and investing is the way to go.

Building a business is the best way I know of getting richer than the average person. Once your business is successful and you have capital to deploy, investing is the way to multiply that money exponentially to reach even higher levels of wealth and financial independence.

The investing part is what I see many people misuse in two main ways.

The Entrepreneur Who Can’t Let Go

Many entrepreneurs do the first part of building a business and working very hard, but can never let go of the business. It ends up consuming all their life and depriving them of time, which is the most important and unreplenishable asset you have.

It takes them away from their families and from wonderful experiences they could otherwise have had if they were not locked in an office working on their business 24/7. As an entrepreneur, it is very important to keep the exit in mind, be it by selling the business or by putting a management team in place to substitute you.

The Wannabe Investor

On the other hand, I see many other people, especially younger ones, who get into investing too early when they don’t yet have capital to deploy. I highly encourage people to start educating themselves about money and investing at a very early age, however, in my opinion, the actual investing should start at a later stage when you already have substantial capital to deploy.

If you don’t yet have that capital, you are likely to make two mistakes:

1. You will probably spend too much time thinking and worrying about your investments in comparison to the returns you are likely to make.
2. You are more likely to invest money you shouldn’t be risking. Money you can’t really afford to lose.

Reason number 2 is also why I don’t like the idea of homeownership for most young people. By buying a home, they are tying up all their money plus future income into an asset that is not really an investment, and will also prevent them from having experiences such as traveling long term and living abroad, which would bring infinitely greater rewards both on a personal level and from an investing and knowledge perspective.

In short, the wannabe investor is foregoing the hard work of building a good capital base, and that will seriously hamper his chances of ever becoming financially independent or wealthy by any measure. That’s why we see so many financial blogs focus so much on frugality (often going to ridiculous extremes). They don’t have the capital, so instead of adopting a growth mindset and looking for ways to make more money (entrepreneurship) they try to save more and more of their average incomes as employees, and that’s not a good way to become wealthy.

At max, you might be able to become financially independent in your forties or fifties but only afford to live in very cheap places, and that’s not real independence in my books.

One of my favorite business gurus, Naval Ravikant, shared some very cool tips on Twitter about getting rich that I felt were worth sharing here on my blog:

Wealth vs Money vs Status

Seek wealth, not money or status. Wealth is having assets that earn while you sleep. Money is how we transfer time and wealth. Status is your place in the social hierarchy.

Ethical Wealth

Understand that ethical wealth creation is possible. If you secretly despise wealth, it will elude you.

What should you avoid?

1. Ignore people playing status games. They gain status by attacking people playing wealth creation games.
2. You’re not going to get rich renting out your time. You must own equity — a piece of a business — to gain your financial freedom.

Basic Rule of Getting Rich

You will get rich by giving society what it wants but does not yet know how to get. At scale.

What should you do?

1. Pick an industry where you can play long term games with long term people.
2. Pick business partners with high intelligence, energy, and, above all, integrity. Don’t partner with cynics and pessimists. Their beliefs are self-fulfilling.
3. Learn to sell. Learn to build. If you can do both, you will be unstoppable.
4. Arm yourself with specific knowledge, accountability, and leverage.
5. Specific knowledge is knowledge that you cannot be trained for. If society can train you, it can train someone else, and replace you. Specific knowledge is found by pursuing your genuine curiosity and passion rather than whatever is hot right now. Building specific knowledge will feel like play to you but will look like work to others.When specific knowledge is taught, it’s through apprenticeships, not schools. Specific knowledge is often highly technical or creative. It cannot be outsourced or automated.
6. Embrace accountability, and take business risks under your own name. Society will reward you with responsibility, equity, and leverage. The most accountable people have singular, public, and risky brands: Oprah, Trump, Kanye, Elon.
7. Leverage :
   “Give me a lever long enough, and a place to stand, and I will move the earth.” — Archimedes
   Fortunes require leverage. Business leverage comes from capital, people, and products with no marginal cost of replication (code and media).
   8.1 Capital: Capital means money. To raise money, apply your specific knowledge, with accountability, and show resulting good judgment.
   8.2 People: Labor means people working for you. It’s the oldest and most fought-over form of leverage. Labor leverage will impress your parents, but don’t waste your life chasing it.
   8.3 Products: Code & Media. The Internet has massively broadened the possible space of careers. Most people haven’t figured this out yet.
   Types of Leverage
   * Permissioned Leverage: Capital and labor are permissioned leverage. Everyone is chasing capital, but someone has to give it to you. Everyone is trying to lead, but someone has to follow you.
   * Permissionless Leverage: Product (Code and media) are permissionless leverage. They’re the leverage behind the newly rich. You can create software and media that works for you while you sleep. An army of robots is freely available — it’s just packed in data centers for heat and space efficiency. Use it. If you can’t code, write books and blogs, record videos and podcasts.
8. Learn Foundational Skills: Leverage is a force multiplier* for your judgement. Judgement requires experience, but can be built faster by learning foundational skills. There is no skill called “business.” Avoid business magazines and business classes. Study microeconomics, game theory, psychology, persuasion, ethics, mathematics, and computers. Reading is faster than listening. Doing is faster than watching.
9. Set and enforce an aspirational personal hourly rate. If fixing a problem will save less than your hourly rate, ignore it. If outsourcing a task will cost less than your hourly rate, outsource it.
10. Work as hard as you can. Even though who you work with and what you work on are more important than how hard you work.
    [Read Point 3 again].
11. You should be too busy to “do coffee,” while still keeping an uncluttered calendar.
12. Play iterated games. All the returns in life, whether in wealth, relationships, or knowledge, come from compound interest.

Parting Note:

There are no get rich quick schemes. That’s just someone else getting rich off you.

Apply specific knowledge, with leverage, and eventually you will get what you deserve.

Foot note:

*Force Multiplier: In military science, Force multiplication or a force multiplier refers to a factor or a combination of factors that dramatically increases (hence “multiplies”) the effectiveness of an item or group, giving a given number of troops (or other personnel) or weapons (or other hardware) the ability to accomplish greater things than without it.