Jean Galea

Health, Wealth & Happiness

Making Money in the Second Wave

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Over the years I’ve come to realize that my best investments happen during the second wave of the product or industry lifecycle.

The idea is loosely based on the Gartner Hype Cycle curve, the Chasm concept, the Hero’s Journey and the theory of Diffusion of Innovations. Let’s take an abbreviated at these models that have inspired my strategy.

This style of investing is also driven by the fact that by nature I love being somewhat of a contrarian, and am quite unlikely to invest in something when it’s in hype mode and everybody is getting in on it.

Two roads diverged in a wood and I – I took the one less traveled by, and that has made all the difference. — Robert Frost

So let’s take a closer look at the concepts and models that have (mostly at a subconscious level – I rarely feel I’m being very methodical with my strategies) been framing my investment decisions over the past few years.

Gartner Hype Cycle

The Gartner Hype Cycle aims to visualize the typical path that most new technologies go true until they reach mass adoption.

In the Gartner Hype Cycle, we find 5 main stages for a new technology:

  1. Emergence: “The Technology Trigger”
  2. Excessive enthusiasm: “The Peak of Inflated Expectations”
  3. Excessive disappointment: “The Trough of Disillusionment”
  4. Gradual adoption: “The Slope of Enlightenment”
  5. Mainstream adoption: “The Plateau of Productivity”

I’m most interested in the 3rd and 4th phases. Let’s see how they’re defined by Gartner:

  • Trough of Disillusionment: Interest wanes as experiments and implementations fail to deliver. Producers of the technology shake out or fail. Investments continue only if the surviving providers improve their products to the satisfaction of early adopters.
  • Slope of Enlightenment: More instances of how the technology can benefit the enterprise start to crystallize and become more widely understood. Second- and third-generation products appear from technology providers. More enterprises fund pilots; conservative companies remain cautious.

Now let’s take Bitcoin as an example. Perhaps it is a bad example as the whole cycle has not yet played out, but it’s the best example I have right now. After the 2017-2018 peak that crypto went through, there was a bit drop in both asset prices as well as media coverage and public opinion. Clearly we hit the “trough of disillusionment” at that point. In the meantime, nothing changed for the builders in the Bitcoin space, and that was an amazing time to get interested in the technology and educate yourself as well as get invested.

Investing in Amazon after the dot com bubble is another example of second-wave investing in the trough of disillusionment.

Hero’s Journey

This monomyth is not typically used in relation to new technology lifecycles, however, I think it also fits in quite well, especially as I consider my own personal journey with new technologies.

Humans react to great story-telling because we are programmed to respond to an elemental story arc. The Book of Jonah, The Odyssey, Rocky or Star Wars: the details don’t matter because although the contexts are different, the story is the same. They appeal to the masses because of our deep desire to progress from the mundane, fight through challenges and then achieve a great victory.

Taking Bitcoin again as my example, it started its “call to adventure” as a result of the financial crisis of 2007-2008. It then went through its own challenges and temptations, with the scaling wars that lasted a couple of years, as well as the Abyss of 2020 (huge drop in price) and the rebirth and fast adoption by both public corporations, institutional funds and even countries.

The Chasm

The “crossing the chasm” model is based on the theory of diffusion of innovations. This is a theory that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread. It was Everett Rogers, a professor of communication studies, who popularized the theory in his book “Diffusion of Innovations”. He argues that diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated over time among the participants in a social system.

In most product adoption curves, there’s a point that can make or break the success of the product. It’s called the chasm. It’s the point between the early adopter stage and the early majority stage.

As the chart above represents, crossing the chasm means breaking into the mainstream market.

Again, with Bitcoin, I believe that as of 2021 we are just beyond the chasm, or possibly on the way to crossing it the final part of it. I’ve long held the belief that in order for Bitcoin to be successful, it would need to be properly regulated and also adopted by big institutions and possibly even countries.

Over the past two years, we’ve simultaneously seen governments and regulators all around the world take strong and detailed positions on the crypto space, as well as huge investments by public companies and even countries (El Salvador is the first).

We’ve also seen a tremendous amount of innovation in the crypto space over the past year, with the resurgence of the Ethereum VS Bitcoin debate as well as a ton of DeFi projects, NFTs, and most recently DAOs.

Having looked at those models and theories, I will come back to my simplified way of describing when I’m most likely to be interested in investing in a product or technology.

Let’s take a look at the first wave first and why I’m rarely that early.

The First Wave

In the very early stages the stakeholders and investors tend to be a mix of the following:

  • builders of the technology
  • rich people with money to burn on new things (e.g. venture capital and angels)
  • those who happen to be in the right place at the right time, or have friends deeply immersed in the technology

If you don’t possess one or more of those characteristics it is very hard to get in on something very early. Chances are you won’t even know the product or niche exists until the first wave has already passed. If you do happen to catch an early glimpse at the new technology, I feel that it will be an extremely time-intensive process to decide whether to invest at that stage, and even then, it would be a very risky investment.

Therefore, at the first stage, the risk-reward-work ratio is not worthwhile for me. To take an example with the internet, this first wave would be the 90s decade. Typical big risks, even though the technology would be wonderful, include:

  • not gathering enough traction, or being too early to market
  • regulation risks
  • scams
  • ridiculous valuations

Many products never make it beyond the first wave and there is a very real risk of your investment going to zero. Think ICOs in 2017, and Kozmo.com, Garden.com, Pets.com, Flooz.com, Webvan.com during the Dot Com boom and bust years.

Typically, during the first wave, a subset of people become immensely rich in very short periods, and they make the

The Second Wave

Almost every new product or technology that gathers enough traction to become well-known then experiences a period of hype, and it is usually during this period (typically earlier rather than later since I read a lot) that my interest is piqued. However, rather than rushing in to invest along with the rest, I tend to go deep and isolate myself from the news and hype to truly understand the tech, the main players and ideas behind the technology.

By the time I have developed a decent understanding, the hype is usually gone, prices have plummeted and the technology is bordering scam or trash status in the popular opinion. On the other hand, because I would have invested a lot of time into the subject, provided that I was convinced about the future of the technology, I would be pretty bullish myself.

That means that when there is the next growth phase (growth is much slower and almost imperceptible at first), I am able to go all in and take a sizeable position that looks like madness to most others who didn’t do their homework properly.

While some technologies or products fit this idea perfectly, others share similar properties but are not that easy to explain. For example, I feel that I entered the WordPress space back in 2006 at an excellent time. Rather than the product itself having been through an early hype cycle, however, it was the overall theme of self-publishing, blogs and website creation that had gone through it. WordPress was the phoenix that emerged from the flames produced by the downfall of highly centralized products like Movable Type and the closed-source CMS solutions of the time. I had been creating websites and blogging for a few years already and I remember there being a peak of excitement about the “power to the people” idea of giving a voice to anyone to create a space online and publish their thoughts, closely followed by a deep sense of frustration with the expensive or inadequate tools available at the time. When WordPress came along it ticked all the boxes for me and immediately left everything I was doing at the time to focus on building things within that space.

What’s your take on the above? Let me know in the comments section below.

Notes about the Pandemic and the Future

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Much has been written about the pandemic and I don’t want to litter the web further with my own opinions.

Clearly, the rise and spread of the virus have been a terrible blow for humanity. There have been some who profited wildly from the changes, but overall we are undoubtedly worse off from the effects of COVID.

On the other hand, the pandemic has made things that were somewhat clear and made them blatantly so, while also accelerating trends that had been building up for many years in the background.

We Are Being Brainwashed and Manipulated

The one thing that definitely stands out to me is the fact that governments and media companies have extreme power of manipulation, and the vast majority of the population acts with a herd mentality, blindly following others and their own governments’ mandates. To think independently and critically is almost demonized.

The rise of pandemic lockdowns will go down in history as one of the worst examples of global oppression caused by states to their own citizens. Never before have the day-to-day lives of so much of humanity been so radically upended. And, outside of wartime, never before has there been such a widespread and extreme rollback of human freedom.

The extreme fear instilled by governments is shameful. Sadly, the majority of citizens went into full panic mode instead of doing some thinking first, but I’ve learned that this is typical human behavior.

The fact that Twitter parody accounts sometimes make you wonder if they are actually being serious is proof enough of how idiotic behavior has become.

There are hundreds of such examples. For example, it’s beyond me why anyone would think a mask is of any use when walking alone in the countryside, or even while driving in a closed car.

I grew up with an inherent disdain for imposed authorities of all forms. Perhaps it was due to the way my parents brought me up, the fact that I was an avid reader from an early age, or the reality that I never quite fit in within school and felt misunderstood and coerced into behaving the way the authorities wanted me to behave, even though deep down I knew it wasn’t the best thing for me.

As an adult, I learned more about how the world really works and refined my thinkings and beliefs, and I understood what level of brainwashing takes place on a daily basis through political party propaganda, religions, and company advertising, and how effective they are at manipulating our behavior.

However, never before 2020 has it been clearer to me who is on each side of the fence. This alone is a brilliant silver lining to this whole shitshow that has been the COVID pandemic so far.

Here are some partial notes for me, my family, and anyone else on the same wavelength to keep in mind going forward. This is by no means an exhaustive list of conclusions, and I might come back to this post and flesh it out further in the coming months.

[Read more…]

How to Invest in NFTs

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nft-guide

It looks like the summer of 2021 will be remembered as NFT (Non-Fungible Token) summer, following the DeFi summer we had in 2020.

Non-fungible means that something is unique and one-of-a-kind. NFTs are therefore unique digital tokens representing something.

NFTs have grown on the Ethereum blockchain, but they are also available on other chains like Solana. The future seems to be pointing towards a multichain space. One major problem with Ethereum is that gas fees needed to make transactions go through are very high, thus pricing out many smaller investors.

Anything digital can be made into an NFT on the blockchain; however, the most common form of NFTs is digital art. Images, audio and video files can also be sold as NFTs. Once a digital asset has been made into an NFT, it will be unique on the blockchain and can be traded in exchange for money, just like physical art would be.

I find the NFT space to be extremely fascinating for many reasons, and I’ll be gathering my notes here. The one thing that I would start off with, is that after looking at NFTs for a while, the regular crypto space (Bitcoin, Ethereum, etc) starts to look downright boring and run of the mill. If you thought understanding the valuation of cryptos like Bitcoin and Ethereum was very hard, the NFT space is just wild in comparison.

Buying Blue Chip NFT Projects

One of the best strategies for getting exposure to NFTs as a beginner is to stick with the so-called “blue chip” NFT projects.

While the prices for these projects are currently quite prohibitive (some popular ones have sold for more than $1 mln), you can invest in their fractionalized versions on the following sites:

Apart from fractionalization, investors are increasingly forming Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) to pool their funds and gain exposure to the priciest NFTs. Here are some examples:

Minting NFTs

The best opportunity for huge profits lies in getting in early on a project, especially if you can be one of the original minters. Every project has an initial minting stage, which can last just a few minutes or hours if the project had already garnered a lot of attention prior to launch.

The minting stage can also lead to gas wars, so be aware of that and try to avoid them if at all possible.

There are hundreds of projects launching every week, so it’s hard to spot the best ones unless you’re already in some kind of community of knowledgeable NFT collectors. That’s when the benefits of being in NFT communities like the BAYC or Crypto Punks could be very useful. Alternatively, being part of an NFT collector DAO can serve the same purpose. In the latter, you might not need to do anything beyond buying tokens of the DAO itself, as the DAOs leaders will do all the research and purchasing themselves.

One tool I’ve used to discover currently hot minting projects is the site ultrasound.money. It features a burn leaderboard where projects being minted en masse typical show up. It’s just another way of sniping new and hot projects, but I’d still combine that with previous research through Discord groups relating to NFTs.

The best way to find good upcoming projects is through Twitter and Discord, but the key thing is to know who to follow and which Discord channels to be on. Being in the Discord groups of good projects and NFT tools, or even DAOs, will yield you the best alpha information on new projects. You can always pay to play with the big boys, for example Nansen AI has an Alpha plan that costs $3,000/month but gives you access to a private Discord community whose main purpose is to generate alpha for you.

Trading NFTs

The biggest NFT platform is OpenSea, and that’s where most of the trading happens. You can also get a quick overview of which NFT projects are the most popular at any point in time. Make sure that you interact with original projects, as there are a lot of fakes and copycats. Look for the blue checkmark next to the project name to make sure it’s the original project you’re looking at.

Other Platforms

Other trading and minting platforms you should know about are:

The most interesting of these to me is Rarible. If you’re looking for a higher risk/higher reward investment, look into the RARI token, which you can buy on Kraken.

Buy $RARI on Kraken

RARI has a total supply of 25m and is considered to be a utility token. By owning RARI tokens, users gain the ability to submit and vote on proposals to change its rules. This includes voting on possible fee changes, how those fees are spent and the rules governing creator promotion.

It is important to note that voting with RARI is non-binding, and that the Rarible company still needs to accept user decisions and implement them. However, Rarible’s goal is to eventually transfer power to a software-based system controlled by users called the Rarible DAO.

The idea behind buying the RARI token is to gain exposure to the growing NFT and digital content market or to have a say in how one of the leading NFT marketplaces develops.

You can also exchange NFTs in a P2P fashion on the following platforms:

Evaluating NFTs

A lot of the value accrued to NFTs is highly subjective, however, there are also important things to consider, such as an item’s rarity within its collection. Some other useful sites for evaluating NFTs:

Keep in mind that the real drivers of value for NFTs of the PFPs type (personal profile pics) are the following:

  • flex power
  • community membership

One of the best ways to judge whether an NFT project will do well or not is to check the Discord channel and see what kinds of conversations are taking place there. You want to ask questions like:

  • Are the developers public? While many are anonymous, I maintain my idea that real names or companies behind projects are better. I don’t really understand this obsession with being anonymous.
  • Where are the NFTs themselves stored?

There are 3 types of NFT:

    1. fully centralized NFTs (like NBA Top Shot), where no information is in a public blockchain;
    2. “pointers”, NFTs where the certificate of provenance is on a public blockchain, but the artwork itself is elsewhere;
    3. fully on-chain NFTs

Most NFTs fall under the first two categories. Surprisingly few NFTs today attempt to use the blockchain itself as a medium and storage. The innovation of NFTs is not to have a database of certificates of provenance linked to an artwork stored elsewhere. The innovation is to have the token be the artwork itself. Fully on-chain NFTs are the closest you can get to holding a physical artwork. Autoglyphs were the first fully on-chain art. Created in 2019, they’re a completely self-contained mechanism for the creation and ownership of an artwork.

My Experience With NFTs

During NFT summer I didn’t do much except curiously following things and trying to understand what all the fuss was about. I have limited time these days as my kids and training take up the majority of my days. Indeed one of the biggest issues with NFT investing is that things happen very fast, and if you’re not there at the right time you’re going to lose out on most of the gains. Those who do this professionally basically spend all their days on crypto Twitter and Discord channels, trying to separate the chaff from the grain and position themselves for a bet on the next big thing.

However, one of my close friends has been pretty active with NFT purchases, and I’ve thus been privy to the wild ride of NFT summer through him.

Following that, I went deep into the NFT rabbit hole. The first thing I’ll say is that NFTs are a veritable time sink, prepare to invest a lot of time if you get into NFTs. They are hugely addictive. Even if you think NFTs are stupid JPEGs, trust me, once you own your first NFT you will get it and become addicted.

My first foray into NFT world was by bidding on a Nouns item through a partybid, however unfortunately our bid was unsuccessful, and the NFT eventually sold for 200 ETH, while the party’s pool was around 190 ETH. From that experience I really understood why ETH’s gas fees are a problem as of mid-2021, since every transaction costs a good chunk of money in transaction fees alone, making any investment below $500 not worth doing.

The PunkScape is the background image designed to accompany a CryptoPunk.

I later managed to get my hands on an NFT, this time a OneDayPunk. This was a spur-of-the-moment purchase based on the recommendation of my friend. I was not sure I’d make my money back on this investment but it is quite an interesting project that helped me understand the buying process better. Two interesting factors of OneDayPunk:

  1. The actual value creation happens once the PunkScapes are released, so at minting stage you’re betting on a future event creating value.
  2. There are 10k punks but only one is allowed per wallet, in a way preventing people from scooping up many PunkScapes.

This purchase was another confirmation that with current gas prices it doesn’t make sense to make small investments. The price I paid for the NFT was 0.02 ETH but the gas price itself was 0.027177 ETH, even higher than the NFT itself. That means that in order to break even the value of my NFT has to double in price, and that’s not considering the gas needed to make the sale from my end.

I later minted a few PunkScapes and sold one for 0.06 ETH, which is more or less double what I minted it for, but when you consider the fees it’s more or less breakeven. I hope to profit from the rest of the PunkScapes I own as the project has taken steam very rapidly and the fundamentals are solid.

I think that derivative projects are a very good bet as an investment, since you’re building on a project that is popular and has holders with a high net worth, thus they can easily scoop up the derivative NFTs if they provide value, as in the case of PunkScapes, which are a derivative of the CryptoPunks, and are meant to be used as a background to the punks. As more and more punk owners buy the PunksScapes, they will become a must-have for all other punk owners, and the price grows.

Other purchases:

  • Robotos – I love the Discord group and the artist himself is well-known. He is super active in working on the project, and there will be further airdrops to holders or Robots, apart from a game.
  • Diamond Hands –  I like the diamond hands concept and they have a solid team. They are also fractionalizing blue-chip NFTs and airdropping them to DH holders, which they describe as DeFI and NFTs combined. I like original use cases like this so I want to be involved as a learning experience. If I don’t buy I’m not incentivized to keep in the loop on the team’s Discord, check prices, etc. So I buy to learn.
  • The Surreals – Nice artwork, not sure about the long-term roadmap, but it’s quite unique in terms of artwork, so I took the plunge.
  • Doodles – Amazing project, extremely tough to get into due to more than half the items being reserved for the treasury, founding team, and whitelisted members. Lost hundreds of dollars during minting due to a gas wars, and ended up buying on OS after the mint was over.

Other Interesting Projects I Considered

  • Entropes – another project I really like in terms of both the art and the mechanics behind how it is being generated. The floor is at 0.2 ETH as I write this (early October 2021) but I can definitely see this going slowly but surely higher. It’s been featured on the Opensea frontpage to0 so that helps. Unfortunately, development and Discord aren’t very active, and the artwork itself is not made for the masses, so it could also struggle to get any traction.
  • Nobody – an interesting project that has not really taken off big time.
  • The Arcade OG Series – amazing art from a famous guy (co-founder of Atari). It was dropped on Makersplace and honestly, I hadn’t used the platform before so I decided to sit this one out. Probably a mistake as the drop was very successful.

Ultimately, you really need to have money and time to be successful in this niche. If you’re not ready to put in many hours, you don’t love this kind of art, and you don’t have significant purchasing power, I would argue that it’s not worth your time.

Yes, there are many who started with a few hundred dollars and made it to the thousands by picking the right projects, but this is more of a lottery ticket situation. If you really want to get into NFTs as a kind of investment sidejob, then I would recommend having a good amount of ETH to start off with. I think a minimum of 5-10 ETH would be ideal.

If you have a ton of ETH then you can go directly into the blue chip projects, where the chance of losing money is almost nil due to the fame and lindy effect that these projects have.

For example, CryptoPunks went from a floor of 20 ETH in April to more than 100 ETH as I write this in October 2021. So even if you did not take part in the minting process (these were given away for free back in the day!) you could make an amazing return just buying the floor in April. Of course, the kicker is that not many people have 20 ETH running around to bet on a risky new crypto niche.

And that is ultimately why right now NFTs favor the rich and connected in a very clear way.

Building in the NFT Space

I’d love to try my hand at creating a new NFT project, so if you are interested in that feel free to contact me with your ideas.

In the meantime, here is a quick guide to creating NFTs.

I also consider creating tools related to NFTs.

Are NFTs Art?

The majority of people that see NFTs for the first time are a bit perplexed at what they see, and even more so by the prices being paid for some of these pieces.

A valid question is whether these NFTs can be considered art. In my opinion, while a lot of the projects are trash or copies of famous projects, there is no doubt that the best projects are art.

I struggled myself to understand why these would be art pieces, especially because the “weird” artworks I was seeing within most projects conflicted with my idea of art. Upon further reading, however, I realised that my own ideas of art were very limited, and it drove me towards learning more about art and how to appreciate and understand it.

Here’s a Twitter thread of where NFTs fit in the history of art:

As for learning about art in general, I’ve started a course about European art history on Wondrium, which is a platform I use for educating myself on various topics like math, history, electronics etc. I basically use it instead of a Netflix subscription and you’ll usually find me following some course on most evenings after putting the kids to sleep.

I’ve learnt that for every art piece or project, I need to consider the following points

  • Subject
  • Interpretation – how the subject is expressed
  • Style – the means of interpretation (each artist has his own style)
  • Context – contemporary political events, artist’s own life, historical period
  • Emotion – our response to the art

The Future of NFTs

I am absolutely fascinated by the possibilities that NFTs are enabling, and beyond the current price bubble, I expect NFTs to play a significant role in the future of crypto, with lots of real-world applications up for grabs once the technology matures and regulations catch up.

One area that is already growing is borrowing and lending through NFT collateralised loans. These are the best sites for lending NFTs:

The way it works is that you can take your NFTs and use them as collateral for a crypto loan. You can also take the other position and accept someone’s NFTs as collateral in return for giving them a loan in crypto.

What do you think of the NFT space? Are you invested in any projects? Let me know in the comments section below.

Sites for News and Articles about NFTs

Should You Buy Solana (SOL) in 2021?

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should you buy solana

Buy Solana (SOL)

One of my latest big investments in the crypto space has been in the Solana token, SOL.

I recommend using Coinbase, Kraken, or Binance for purchasing your Solana tokens. All three platforms also allow you to stake your tokens and earn more income passively.

I’ll be writing more about this cryptoasset in the next weeks, so this post will be a work in progress.

One of the distinguishing features of Solana is that it uses a Proof of History algorithm for achieving consensus. As a reminder, Bitcoin uses Proof of Work while Ethereum is moving towards Proof of Stake.

You can view many of the projects within the Solana ecosystem on this Google Doc.

The best Solana-based DEXes are Serum and Raydium.

As I write this, NFTs have recently been launched and things are really heating up. While I don’t plan on splurging on the NFTs themselves, I believe they’ll bring a lot of awareness to the qualities of Solana as well as a big inflow of capital into the SOL token.

Check out the main Solana NFT projects Degen Ape Academy, SOL Punks SOL lions on Solanart.

Keep in mind that Solana is one of the newest of the big projects and so it should be considered to be in Beta stage. That means there might be periods of downtime and other similar incidents, and they shouldn’t be considered to be a huge deal at this stage.

Buy Solana (SOL)

Adding a Hardware Remote Control to the Lego Buggy 42124

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lego buggy

I love building stuff with my son, and one of our latest projects (admittedly more apt for me than for him as he’s too young to be building these kits), was the Lego buggy 42124. This is a great kit that is fun to build but it is let down by the fact that it is controlled using a smartphone. I don’t like using smartphone remote controls and I definitely don’t want my son looking at a screen at a young age, so I set out to figure out a way to use a hardware remote control.

Turns out it’s quite easy to do. I used Pybricks to add custom code to the Lego hub, then ordered a Lego remote to pair with the buggy.

Important: This code only works if you use the beta version of Pybricks.

The code I used can be found below. I set the left red button to “ludicrous mode” which enables the buggy to function at full speed. Otherwise, I set it to run at 50% speed since my son is too young to control it at max speed, especially indoors. This way we can both use it and have some fun while using the appropriate speeds.

from pybricks.pupdevices import Motor, Remote
from pybricks.parameters import Port, Direction, Stop, Button
from pybricks.hubs import TechnicHub
from pybricks.tools import wait

# Initialize the motors.
steer = Motor(Port.B)
front = Motor(Port.A, Direction.COUNTERCLOCKWISE)

# Connect to the remote.
remote = Remote()

# Initialize the hub.
hub = TechnicHub()

# Read the current settings
old_kp, old_ki, old_kd, _, _ = steer.control.pid()

# Set new values
steer.control.pid(kp=old_kp*4, kd=old_kd*0.4)

# Find the steering endpoint on the left and right.
# The middle is in between.
left_end = steer.run_until_stalled(-200, then=Stop.HOLD)
right_end = steer.run_until_stalled(200, then=Stop.HOLD)

# We are now at the right. Reset this angle to be half the difference.
# That puts zero in the middle.
steer.reset_angle((right_end - left_end)/2)
steer.run_target(speed=200, target_angle=0, wait=False)

# Set steering angle for the buggy
steer_angle = (((right_end - left_end)/2)-5)
print('steer angle:',steer_angle)

# Now we can start driving!
while True:
    # Check which buttons are pressed.
    pressed = remote.buttons.pressed()

    # Choose the steer angle based on the right controls.
    if Button.LEFT_PLUS in pressed:
        steer.run_target(1400, -steer_angle, Stop.HOLD, False)
    elif Button.LEFT_MINUS in pressed:
        steer.run_target(1400, steer_angle, Stop.HOLD, False)
    else:
        steer.track_target(0)

    # Top speed controls
    top_speed = 50
    if Button.LEFT in pressed:
        top_speed = 100         

    # Choose the drive speed based on the left controls.
    drive_speed = 0
    if Button.RIGHT_PLUS in pressed:
        drive_speed += top_speed
    if Button.RIGHT_MINUS in pressed:
        drive_speed -= top_speed
    if Button.RIGHT in pressed:
        print('Battery voltage:',(hub.battery.voltage())/1000,"V")
        wait(100)          

    # Apply the selected speed.
    front.dc(drive_speed)

    # Wait.
    wait(10)

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Jean Galea

Investor | Dad | Global Citizen | Athlete.